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📏 Productivity & Units

Video File Size Before You Record It, With the Factor of Eight Handled

Bitrate is in megabits, file size is in megabytes, and forgetting the eight between them is the usual mistake. Includes audio and the size your OS will show.

Mbps
kbps

File size

decimal GB, as storage is sold

Your OS will show

same file, 1024-based

Per minute

Audio share

of the total

How many fit on

Upload time at common speeds

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How the calculation works

8 Mbps for one hour. Where the factor of eight goes. 8 Mbps × 3600 s = 28,800 megabits bits, not bytes 28,800 ÷ 8 = 3,600 megabytes now bytes 3,600 MB = 3.60 GB = 3.35 GiB on Windows Skip the divide-by-eight and you overestimate by 8×. Both final numbers are the same file.

How to Use This Tool

Enter the bitrate and how long you are recording. The answer includes the audio track and shows the size both as storage is sold and as your computer will display it.

The one calculation

File size is bitrate multiplied by duration, divided by eight. The divide-by-eight is there because bitrate is quoted in bits per second and file size is measured in bytes, and there are eight bits in a byte.

Miss it and your estimate is eight times too large, which is the most common mistake here by a wide margin. The lower-case b in Mbps means bits and the upper-case B in MB means bytes — a distinction that carries an enormous amount of weight for one character.

Audio is small but not nothing

An audio track at 192 kbps adds about 86 MB per hour. Against a 3.6 GB video that is under 3%, which is why it is routinely left out of estimates and why leaving it out is usually fine. It stops being fine for low-bitrate video: at 1 Mbps the same audio is nearly 20% of the file. The panel above shows the share so you can see when it matters.

Roughly what different sources use 720p streaming 2–4 Mbps 1080p streaming 5–10 Mbps 4K streaming 15–25 Mbps camera original 50–400 Mbps Delivery bitrates and recording bitrates are an order of magnitude apart.
What a viewer streams and what a camera writes are very different files.

Two GB, again

A 3.60 GB file shows as 3.35 GB in Windows, because Windows divides by 1024 and still writes GB. Both figures describe the same file. Storage is sold in decimal units, so if you are working out whether a recording fits on a card, the decimal figure is the one to compare against the number on the box — and the card's usable space will be very slightly less after formatting.

What this estimate cannot know

It assumes a constant bitrate. Most modern encoders use variable bitrate, spending more on complex scenes and less on simple ones, so the real file lands near the average rather than exactly on it. A locked-off shot of a static scene can come in well under; fast motion, confetti, rain, foliage in wind all push over.

Container overhead adds a fraction of a percent for MP4 or MKV. Multiple audio tracks, subtitles and chapter data add their own bitrates. For planning storage, add ten to twenty percent headroom and you will not be caught out.

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Frequently Asked Questions

How do I calculate video file size from bitrate?
Multiply the bitrate in bits per second by the duration in seconds, then divide by eight to convert bits to bytes. The divide-by-eight is the step people skip, and skipping it makes the answer eight times too large. Lower-case b means bits, upper-case B means bytes.
How big is a one hour video at 1080p?
At a typical streaming bitrate of 8 Mbps, about 3.6 GB for the video plus roughly 86 MB for a 192 kbps audio track. Your operating system will display that as about 3.4 GB because it divides by 1024. A camera original at the same resolution can be ten times larger.
Why does my file show a different size than calculated?
Two likely reasons. Most encoders use variable bitrate, so the real file lands near the average rather than exactly on it — complex scenes cost more and simple ones less. And your OS may be displaying 1024-based units while the calculation uses decimal, a difference of about 7% at gigabyte scale.
Does audio make much difference to file size?
Usually not much, but it depends on the video bitrate. A 192 kbps audio track is about 86 MB per hour, which is under 3% of a 3.6 GB video and nearly 20% of a 450 MB one. The audio share is shown above so you can see whether it matters for your case.
What bitrate should I record at?
Delivery and recording are different jobs. For streaming, 5 to 10 Mbps covers 1080p and 15 to 25 covers 4K. For recording something you will edit, higher is better because every re-encode loses quality — camera originals commonly run 50 to 400 Mbps, which is why footage fills cards so fast.
Should I add a safety margin?
Yes, ten to twenty percent. Variable bitrate encoding, container overhead, extra audio tracks and subtitles all add a little, and running out of space mid-recording costs more than the storage would have.

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