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How Much Is 20% Off Plus 10% Off? Stacked Discount Calculator

Two vouchers, a sale price and tax do not simply add up. Stack them in the order the till applies them and see the real final price and the true total percentage off.

Offers, applied top to bottom

You pay

You save

True % off

Naive sum says

Per unit

Step by step

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How the calculation works

Why 20% off then 10% off is not 30% off $100.00 — original price $80.00 −20% of $100 = −$20.00 $72.00 −10% of $80, not of $100 = −$8.00 Total saved: $28.00 = 28% off, not 30% the second discount works on a smaller base

How to Use This Tool

Stacked discounts are the most reliably miscalculated numbers in retail, on both sides of the counter. Shoppers assume 20% plus 10% is 30%. Sellers occasionally build promotions on the same assumption and are surprised by the margin. The correct answer is 28%, and the reason is simple once you see it: the second discount is taken from a price that the first one already reduced.

Building the stack

Enter the original price, then add offers in the order the till or checkout applies them. Percentage offers work on the running total; fixed-amount offers subtract a flat sum. Order matters enormously when you mix the two — a $20 voucher applied before a 25% discount is worth $15 to you, while the same voucher applied after is worth the full $20. If a retailer's terms do not say which order they use, the step-by-step panel lets you test both in about ten seconds.

$100 item, 25% off and a $20 voucher — order changes the outcome Voucher first $100 −$20 = $80 −25% = $60.00 pay $60 Percentage first $100 −25% = $75 −$20 = $55.00 pay $55 $5 difference on one item A fixed voucher is worth more when applied last. A percentage is worth more when applied first.
Most checkouts apply percentage discounts before fixed vouchers, which favours the shopper. Some apply them in the reverse order. It is worth checking before assuming.

Tax placement

The tax selector handles the difference between the two systems people actually shop under. In the United States, sales tax is added at checkout to the already-discounted price, so choose after discounts. In the UK, EU and most of Asia, VAT is already inside the ticket price, so choose already in the price — the tool then shows how much of what you pay is tax, which is the figure you need for an expense claim or a VAT return.

The two percentages, and which one to quote

The true % off box is the honest figure: total saved divided by the original price. The naive sum box shows what you get by simply adding the discount percentages together, which is what the advertising implies and what a shopper does in their head. The gap between them widens quickly — three 20% discounts sum to 60% but deliver 48.8%. Neither number is a lie, but only the first one is true, and knowing the difference is worth real money on a large basket.

A note for sellers

If you are designing the promotion rather than using it, run your worst case through this tool before publishing the terms. Stackable offers that look modest individually can combine into a discount deeper than your gross margin, particularly once a fixed-amount voucher lands on a low-priced item. Setting a minimum spend on the voucher is usually the cheapest fix.

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Frequently Asked Questions

Why is 20% off plus 10% off not 30% off?
Because the second discount applies to the already-reduced price, not the original. On $100, the first takes $20 leaving $80; the second takes 10% of $80, which is $8, not $10. Total saved is $28, so the real discount is 28%. The shortfall grows with more discounts: three 20% offers give 48.8%, not 60%.
Does the order of discounts matter?
Only when you mix percentages with fixed amounts. Two percentages produce the same result in either order. But a $20 voucher applied before a 25% discount is effectively worth only $15, while the same voucher applied afterwards is worth the full $20. Most checkouts apply percentages first, which favours the shopper, but not all do.
Should tax be added before or after the discount?
In the United States, sales tax is calculated on the discounted price and added at checkout, so choose after discounts. In the UK, EU and most of Asia, VAT is already included in the displayed price, so choose already in the price — the tool then separates out the tax component for you.
What is the difference between the true and naive percentage?
True percent off is total saved divided by the original price, which is the honest figure. The naive sum simply adds the advertised percentages together, which is what most people calculate in their head. Advertising tends to imply the naive number; your receipt reflects the true one.
How do I work out a discount from the final price backwards?
Divide rather than subtract. If an item cost $72 after a 28% total discount, the original was 72 ÷ 0.72 = $100. Adding 28% to $72 gives $92.16, which is wrong. Our percentage calculator has a dedicated reverse mode for this.
Can I model buy-one-get-one and multi-buy offers?
Indirectly. Set the quantity to the number of items in the deal, then add a percentage that reflects the effective discount — buy one get one free is 50% off across two items, and buy three for the price of two is 33.3%. The per-unit figure then tells you the real price per item.
Why does my basket total differ by a cent or two?
Rounding. Retailers differ on whether they round each line item or only the basket total, and on whether they round half up or to even. Those choices produce differences of a cent or two, which is normal. If the gap is larger than that, a discount is probably being applied in a different order than you assumed.

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